Why check at all?
AI chatbots are good at writing text that sounds right. University libraries warn that they can make up citations: parts of a reference may look real while the whole source does not exist. In early 2026, librarians in Michigan reported getting more requests to find references that turned out not to exist.
Five checks
- Source. Ask where it came from, then open it yourself. Make sure it exists and really says what the AI claims.
- Date. Check when the source was published or updated. Laws, prices, rules and software change.
- Exact quote or number. Find the exact line or figure in the original. If you cannot trace a number, do not use it.
- Second source. Leave the AI and search. Look for one or two independent, trusted sources that agree.
- Red flags. Very exact statistics with no source, a study or case you cannot find, links that do not open, and an answer that sounds a little too perfect for your argument.
The "leave the page" habit
Researchers who studied professional fact-checkers found they do not stay on one page. They open new tabs and check what others say about it. This is often called lateral reading. A simple version is to ask: who is behind this, what is the evidence, and what do other sources say?
What about AI that searches the web?
Tools that ground answers in web search can be more accurate, but the pages they use can also be wrong. A university library guide recommends opening the sources a tool cites and exploring them, not just trusting the summary.
Prompts that help
You can ask the AI to help you check its own work, but verify what it says. It can still invent sources.
- "List the sources for each claim. Give the title, publisher and date. If you are not sure a source exists, say so."
- "Which parts of your answer are you least sure about? What should I check?"
- "What is the strongest argument that this answer is wrong or incomplete?"
If you want a checking routine you can print
This 13-page pack has a one-page cheat sheet, worksheets, checks for numbers and summaries, a citation checker and copy-and-paste prompts. It helps you check an answer and does not guarantee the answer is true.
AI Fact-Check Cheat Sheet
$12, 13-page printable PDF. For anyone who uses AI at work or school.
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Sources
Checked October 27, 2026. Rules and numbers change, so confirm anything important on the source page.
- University of Colorado Libraries: AI chatbots offer possibilities and perils
- WCMU / WKAR: Michigan librarians asked to find non-existent references cited by AI
- Brooklyn College Library (CUNY): AI for faculty, fact-checking
- EdSource: Stanford researchers design lessons to sort facts from lies online
- Stimpunks glossary: Lateral reading (Civic Online Reasoning questions)